How we can scale reusable packaging systems

The City of Copenhagen is a partner in the EU Change (K)now! project, which focuses on reusable systems for takeaway packaging. The project explores reusable packaging solutions across catering services, events, and takeaway food. Based on pilot projects and extensive analysis, the partners have identified key success factors as well as common barriers for wider implementation. As a result, the project has developed a set of recommendations for national and local policymakers on how to create the right conditions for scaling reusable packaging systems.

From pilot projects to systemic change

The experiences from Change (K)now! demonstrate that the challenge is not a lack of technical solutions, but rather the absence of coherent, well-functioning systems. Making reuse the new normal requires a systemic approach that connects regulation, infrastructure, cross-sector collaboration, and a seamless user experience for both businesses and citizens.

Reusable packaging systems have significant potential to reduce the consumption of single-use packaging. However, many cities are characterised by a fragmented landscape of individual systems that do not work together, limiting their uptake and effectiveness. To succeed, reusable systems must be convenient, accessible, and interoperable. Achieving this requires clear regulatory frameworks, infrastructure that enables systems to integrate across providers, and municipalities that take an active leadership role.

Establishing city-wide infrastructure for returning reusable packaging should be prioritised as essential urban infrastructure—on par with water supply and waste collection.

Recommendations from Change (K)now!

• Strengthen regulation and policy requirements: Introduce clear requirements for the use of reusable packaging at public events and integrate reusable solutions into public procurement, for example in public institutions and workplace canteens.
• Build connected and visible infrastructure: Develop dense networks of return points throughout the city, making it easy for citizens and businesses to return reusable packaging regardless of where food or beverages were purchased.
• Support stronger collaboration: Municipalities should act as facilitators, ensuring that public and private stakeholders work together to develop and operate reusable systems through partnerships and shared standards.
• Make reuse the default choice: Design systems so that reuse is the easiest and most accessible option for businesses and consumers alike. This requires prioritising user-friendly design and accessibility.
• Use economic incentives: Introduce fees on single-use packaging and create financial incentives for choosing reusable alternatives, making participation in circular systems more attractive.